Stretching at work is one good way to provide health benefits that. Stretching a muscle the wrong way or at the wrong time can activate the stretch reflex causing the muscle to contract and become tighter rather than relaxed. When the gto is activated during stretching, it inhibits muscle spindle activity within the working muscle agonist so a deeper stretch can be achieved. As part of the bodys selfregulatory mechanisms, gtos protect muscle and tendon from overstretching. For this reason the stretch reflex is known as a spinal cord reflex and is completely involuntary. The golgi tendon reflex is an inhibitory effect on the muscle resulting from the muscle tension. The more sudden the change in muscle length, the stronger the muscle contractions will be plyometric, or jump. It is not controlled by higher functioning centre i.
Contractrelax stretching is a form of pnf stretching. Tendons also play a role in very fast muscle stretches e. Literature concerning the theoretical role of spinal reflex circuits and their. Gto, found in the muscle tendon, adapts by reducing its autogenic. The inverse myotatic reflex involves sensors of muscle force in the tendon. If this is the case, then the appropriateness of niques on flexibility. An important concept to consider in the discussion of stretching efficacy is the stretch reflex or the myotatic stretch reflex. The role of the stretch reflex the muscle spindle is a long thin nerve receptor found within the muscle. For this reason, flexibility activities are an appropriate part of physical activity program, even though they have no known health benefits and it is unclear whether they reduce risk of injury. This stretch activates the muscle spindle which in turn sends an impulse to the spinal cord. Microsoft powerpoint chap 6 reflexes compatibility mode author. Both the h and treflexes stay depressed during the stretch, and the hreflex returns. Also, the stretch reflex, in terms of neuromuscular development, enhances injury prevention. Start studying muscle spindles, gto and stretch reflex.
Nasm guide to foam rolling foam rolling should be done before static or dynamic stretching activities, improving the tissues ability to lengthen during stretching activities. Control of position and movement is simplified by combined muscle. Golgi tendon organ reflex inhibition following manually. Foam rolling activities should be performed on tissues identified as overactive during the assessment process. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pnf stretching techniques are commonly used in the athletic and clinical environments to enhance both active and passive range of motion rom with a. Neural effects of muscle stretching on the spinal reflexes in multiple. Understanding the stretch reflex or myotatic reflex. The muscle stretch reflex plays an important role in providing feedback during movements. It means that it uses natural reflexes to further the stretching response. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. This is the dynamic component which some think of as the dynamic stretch reflex.
The stretch reflex consists of a monosynaptic response from the direct connection between ia afferents and motor neurons, that may be followed by polysynaptic reflex activity. A spinal reflex is a fast response that involves an afferent signal into the spinal cord and an efferent signal out to the muscle. The effects of 4 weeks stretching training to the point of pain on flexibility and muscle tendon unit properties article in arbeitsphysiologie 1178 june 2017 with 230 reads how we measure reads. When they do this, they are checking your stretch reflex. Our body needs to be able to respond without our cortical input. Instead of statically stretching the muscle, you bob or bounce to cause the muscles to stretch.
A comparison of static stretching versus combined static. A comparison of mechanical parameters between the counter. The warmup included 10 minutes of cycling on an excalibure sport ergometer lode at a constant cadence of 70 rpm with a work load of 1. The bench press can be used to illustrate how the stretch reflex is used to elicit a more powerful muscle contraction. Stretch reflex stretching the muscle activates the muscle spindle excited motor neurons of the spindle cause the stretched muscle to contract afferent impulses from the spindle result in. Fortunately, software platforms such as matlab simulink, and working model 2d enable graphicsbased. How to train and use the stretch reflex for better.
Stretching and flexibility physiology of stretching. Reexamination of the possible role of golgi tendon organ and. Stretch receptors called golgi tendon organs are found within the collagen fibers of tendons and within joint capsules. We propose that afferent signals from golgi tendon organs gtos can be. The spindle is sensitive to stretch, and is activated during violent stretching of the spindle itself and the surrounding muscle fibres. Gto activation, which is a muscle inhibitory response to static tension, either by active contraction. It may instead cause them to tighten up by repeatedly activating the stretch reflex see section the stretch reflex. If the reflex was mediated by the brain precious time could be lost before the protective impulse to contract reached a stretched muscle, resulting in. Descriptions of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pnf stretching techniques. The active contraction provoked in a muscle by continuous stretch is a.
Whereas the stretch reflex regulates muscle length, the tendon reflex helps regulate. The strength of this reflex depends upon the rate of change. When stimulated, they will cause a myotatic stretch reflex that causes the muscle to contract. Selfstretching also referred to as flexibility exercises or active stretching is a type of stretching procedure a patient carries out independently after careful instruction and supervised practice. The stretch reflex myotatic reflex is a muscle contraction in response to stretching within the muscle. As a protective mechanism by the body, when your muscles feel a sudden stretch, they contract as a reflex in order to better. This form of stretching is often an integral component of a home exercise program and is necessary for longterm self management teaching a patient to carry out selfstretching procedures correctly and safely is fundamental for preventing reinjury or future dysfunction 45. The stretch reflex also called the myotatic reflex, the muscle stretch reflex and sometimes the kneejerk reflex, is a preprogrammed response by the body to a stretch stimulus in the muscle. Less commonly known, the stretch reflex plays a very important role in the development of flexibility, or rather, inhibition of. When a muscle spindles associated muscle is rapidly stretched, the spindle can cause two things to.
Training the stretch reflex is commonly used for increasing strength and overall development of power. Doing this triggers the inverse myotatic reflex, a protective reflex that. In contractrelax stretching, you must first isometrically contract the opposite muscle. Foam rolling can also be done as part of the cooldown12. It does not allow your muscles to adjust to, and relax in, the stretched position. Hyperbolic stretching program is discovered by alex larsson, who worked in the programming field spending most of the precious time in computers. All subjects were tested under the same conditions in laboratory settings. Pdf effects of static and dynamic stretching on agility. While there are multiple pnf stretching techniques, all of them rely on stretching a muscle to its limit. Design a program standard stretching uses positioning and an outside force or gravity to place the joints into an end range of motion normally a sensation of pulling or stretching discomfort is observed avoid pain during stretching. The stretch reflex can be a monosynaptic reflex which provides automatic regulation of skeletal muscle length, whereby the signal entering the spinal cord. This is needed so that the execution is safe and under control throughout the entire range of motion. This triggers the stretch reflex also called the myotatic reflex which attempts to resist the change in muscle length by causing the stretched muscle to contract.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Muscle spindles are sensory receptors running parallel to muscle fibers, sensitive to a change and rate of muscle lengthening. Stretching should be done after a muscle has been warmed up. The gto receptors, located in the musculotendinous. However when i try to stretch into the box splits i go down as low as i can go and cant go further because of pain in my hips rather than the stretch in my legs. Pdf stretching is usually performed before exercise in an attempt to enhance performance and reduce the risk of injury.
Pdf proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching. All emg data were digitized at a sampling rate of 10 khz with a 16 bit ad converter controlled by a labview program that was written by the. When designing a stretching program, keep the following in mind. The concept of neuromuscular facilitation and inhibition, which is the basis of pnf, was first introduced by sherrington in 1909, after which it has been clinically implemented by kabat 6, 7. Mechanisms and benefits for sport performance and injury prevention. The stretch reflex is the contraction of a muscle that occurs in response to its stretch. Effects of antagonistic muscle contraction exercises on ankle joint range of motion.
In this article we will discuss the stretch reflex. The warmup was followed by 3 counter movement jumps on a force plate. When you stretch a muscle there is an initial stretch reflex which is quick and strong. When they hit the right spot on the front of your knee, you kick your foot up into the air. The effects of 4 weeks stretching training to the point of. When the gto is activated during contraction, it causes inhibition of the contraction autogenic inhibition, which is an automatic reflex. There is a second, weaker but longer acting, static stretch reflex. Stretch reflex with passivestatic stretching ground up. Muscle spindles, gto and stretch reflex flashcards quizlet. This type of stretching is not considered useful and can lead to injury.
The prolonged sitting and lack of physical activities led to health problems in alexs body. The mechanisms and benefits for sport performance and injury prevention. Stretch reflex muscle spindle within the muscle complex there is an organ called the muscle spindle. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching. Golgi tendon organ reflex inhibition following manually applied acute static stretching article in journal of sports sciences 3215 april 2014 with 233 reads how we measure reads. Stretching exercises are effective in increasing flexibility, and thereby can allow people to more easily do activities that require greater flexibility. Blood pressure decreases, as does stress on the rib cage, abdominal walls, and intercostal muscles. In contrast to this, a phasic stretch reflex consists of a synchronous motor neurone discharge caused by brief stimulation of muscle spindles or their afferent nerve pathways. Connective tissue elongation plastic is the primary. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pnf is common practice for increasing range of motion, though little research has been done to evaluate theories behind it. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional prior to beginning any diet or exercise program or taking. The role of stretching exercises in bodybuilding 97 heavy pain at the start of the stretch, but. To use the stretch reflex to get a more explosive contraction, you must program it in advance. This form of stretching is often an integral component of a home exercise program and is necessary for longterm self.
I know i am flexible because when i stand against a wall my coach can lift my leg up very high and straight. Started stretching program before game and at half time talked to coach about resting him. The stretch reflex golgi tendon organs gto located in the muscle tendon, golgi tendon organs respond to tension, so that when tension is great they fire. Pnf stretching is one of the most widely used stretching techniques, and its effects have been extensively documented in the literature. Strength through stretching is related to your gto threshold, which limits a contraction well short of the point at which tendons would be injured. The immediate effects of manual stretching and cervicothoracic junction. When a muscle spindle is stretched an impulse is immediately sent to the spinal cord and a response to contract the muscle is received. Pnf stands for proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. The golgi tendon reflex also called inverse stretch reflex, autogenic inhibition, tendon reflex is an inhibitory effect on the muscle resulting from the muscle tension stimulating golgi tendon organs gto of the muscle, and hence it is selfinduced. As compared to static stretching which is a passive technique in which therapist does all the work, met is an active technique in which patient is also an active. Pnf stretching works because the isometric contraction activates the gto, ultimately allowing the muscle to lengthen and experience a greater rom. Effects of static and dynamic stretching on agility performance in tennis players.
175 877 1188 311 222 73 575 172 1393 574 943 1422 1284 1193 1386 668 282 1423 937 877 936 1326 1215 1400 450 1022 235 300 226 836 1343 1060 1275